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　　三九養(yǎng)生堂記者 鄧肯·蓋伊 報(bào)道

精彩|　　中??(zhong)國(guó)??(guo)文??(wen)明?(ming)形??(xing)成??(cheng)和??(he)早?(zao)期??(qi)國(guó)?(guo)家??(jia)建??(jian)立??(li)后??(hou)??，偃??(yan)師?(shi)二??(er)里??(li)頭??(tou)、尸??(shi)鄉(xiāng)??(xiang)溝??(gou)和??(he)成??(cheng)周??(zhou)洛??(luo)邑??(yi)所?(suo)在??(zai)河??(he)洛??(luo)一??(yi)帶??(dai)曾??(zeng)長(zhǎng)??(chang)期??(qi)是??(shi)夏??(xia)、商??(shang)、周??(zhou)三??(san)個(gè)??(ge)王??(wang)朝??(chao)的?(de)政??(zheng)治??(zhi)、經(jīng)?(jing)濟(jì)??(ji)、軍??(jun)事??(shi)、文??(wen)化??(hua)中??(zhong)心??(xin)和??(he)水??(shui)陸??(lu)交?(jiao)通??(tong)樞??(shu)紐?(niu)之??(zhi)地??(di)??。??司??(si)馬??(ma)遷??(qian)在??(zai)《史??(shi)記??(ji)·封??(feng)禪??(chan)書(shū)??(shu)》中??(zhong)明?(ming)確??(que)寫(xiě)??(xie)到??(dao)：“昔??(xi)三??(san)代??(dai)之?(zhi)居??(ju)??，皆??(jie)在??(zai)河??(he)洛?(luo)之??(zhi)間??(jian)”??。伊??(yi)洛??(luo)地??(di)區(qū)??(qu)為??(wei)夏??(xia)代??(dai)的??(de)中??(zhong)心??(xin)區(qū)??(qu)域??(yu)??，不??(bu)僅?(jin)見(jiàn)??(jian)于??(yu)文??(wen)獻(xiàn)??(xian)記??(ji)載??(zai)??，也??(ye)從??(cong)考??(kao)古??(gu)學(xué)??(xue)上秘(shang)得??(de)到??(dao)了??(le)二??(er)里??(li)頭??(tou)文?(wen)化??(hua)和??(he)二??(er)里??(li)頭??(tou)遺??(yi)址??(zhi)有??(you)說(shuō)??(shuo)服??(fu)力??(li)的??(de)印??(yin)證??(zheng)??。從??(cong)夏??(xia)到??(dao)周??(zhou)??，從??(cong)西??(xi)周?(zhou)時(shí)??(shi)期??(qi)青??(qing)銅??(tong)器??(qi)何??(he)尊??(zun)銘?(ming)文?(wen)“宅??(zhai)茲??(zi)中??(zhong)國(guó)??(guo)??，自??(zi)之??(zhi)乂??(yi)民??(min)”及??(ji)《逸??(yi)周?(zhou)書(shū)??(shu)·作??(zuo)雒??(luo)》“作??(zuo)大??(da)邑??(yi)成??(cheng)周??(zhou)于??(yu)土??(tu)中??(zhong)”??，《史??(shi)記??(ji)·周??(zhou)本??(ben)紀(jì)??(ji)》所??(suo)記??(ji)洛??(luo)邑??(yi)“乃??(nai)天??(tian)下??(xia)之?(zhi)中?(zhong)??，四??(si)方??(fang)入?(ru)貢??(gong)道??(dao)里??(li)均??(jun)”等??(deng)記??(ji)載??(zai)??，可??(ke)以??(yi)確??(que)知??(zhi)??，西??(xi)周??(zhou)初??(chu)期??(qi)??，河??(he)洛??(luo)一??(yi)帶??(dai)已??(yi)經(jīng)秘(jing)逐??(zhu)漸??(jian)成??(cheng)為??(wei)西??(xi)周??(zhou)王??(wang)朝??(chao)的??(de)政??(zheng)治??(zhi)、軍?(jun)事??(shi)中??(zhong)心??(xin)和??(he)政??(zheng)治??(zhi)地?(di)理?(li)意??(yi)義??(yi)上?(shang)的??(de)“天??(tian)下??(xia)之??(zhi)中??(zhong)”、由??(you)此??(ci)可?(ke)見(jiàn)??(jian)??，絕??(jue)大??(da)多??(duo)數(shù)??(shu)考??(kao)古??(gu)學(xué)?(xue)者??(zhe)將??(jiang)河??(he)洛??(luo)一??(yi)帶??(dai)視??(shi)為??(wei)“最??(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國(guó)??(guo)”的??(de)中??(zhong)心??(xin)區(qū)??(qu)域??(yu)??，是??(shi)頗??(po)有??(you)一??(yi)定?(ding)的?(de)道??(dao)理??(li)的??(de)???！　W(xué)??(xue)術(shù)??(shu)界??(jie)對(duì)??(dui)中??(zhong)國(guó)??(guo)文?(wen)明??(ming)起??(qi)源??(yuan)和??(he)早??(zao)期?(qi)發(fā)??(fa)展??(zhan)的??(de)研??(yan)究??(jiu)??，由??(you)來(lái)??(lai)已??(yi)久??(jiu)??。??近??(jin)年??(nian)來(lái)??(lai)考??(kao)古??(gu)學(xué)?(xue)家??(jia)提?(ti)出??(chu)了??(le)進(jìn)??(jin)入??(ru)文??(wen)明??(ming)社?(she)會(huì)??(hui)的??(de)新??(xin)的??(de)標(biāo)??(biao)準(zhǔn)??(zhun)??，即??(ji)生??(sheng)產(chǎn)??(chan)發(fā)??(fa)展??(zhan)??，人??(ren)口??(kou)增??(zeng)加??(jia)??，出??(chu)現(xiàn)??(xian)城??(cheng)市??(shi)；社??(she)會(huì)??(hui)分?(fen)工??(gong)??，階??(jie)層??(ceng)分??(fen)化??(hua)??，出??(chu)現(xiàn)??(xian)階??(jie)級(jí)?(ji)；權(quán)??(quan)力??(li)不??(bu)斷?(duan)強(qiáng)??(qiang)化??(hua)??，出??(chu)現(xiàn)??(xian)王??(wang)權(quán)??(quan)和??(he)國(guó)??(guo)家??(jia)??。盡??(jin)管??(guan)迄?(qi)今??(jin)中??(zhong)國(guó)??(guo)學(xué)??(xue)術(shù)??(shu)界??(jie)尚??(shang)未??(wei)有??(you)對(duì)??(dui)文??(wen)明??(ming)的??(de)標(biāo)??(biao)志??(zhi)一??(yi)致?(zhi)的??(de)答??(da)案??(an)??，但?(dan)學(xué)??(xue)者??(zhe)們??(men)幾??(ji)乎??(hu)異??(yi)口??(kou)同??(tong)聲??(sheng)地??(di)贊??(zan)同??(tong)馬??(ma)克??(ke)思??(si)主??(zhu)義??(yi)經(jīng)??(jing)典??(dian)作??(zuo)家??(jia)“國(guó)??(guo)家?(jia)是??(shi)文??(wen)明??(ming)社??(she)會(huì)??(hui)的??(de)概??(gai)括??(kuo)”的??(de)論??(lun)斷??(duan)??，認(rèn)??(ren)為??(wei)國(guó)?(guo)家??(jia)的??(de)出?(chu)現(xiàn)??(xian)是??(shi)文??(wen)明?(ming)形??(xing)成??(cheng)的??(de)標(biāo)??(biao)志??(zhi)??。既??(ji)然??(ran)如??(ru)此??(ci)??，黃??(huang)帝??(di)及??(ji)其??(qi)部??(bu)落??(luo)的??(de)誕??(dan)生??(sheng)??，或??(huo)公?(gong)元?(yuan)前??(qian)4000年??(nian)左??(zuo)右??(you)的?(de)廟??(miao)底??(di)溝??(gou)時(shí)??(shi)代??(dai)??，正??(zheng)處??(chu)于??(yu)人?(ren)類(lèi)??(lei)學(xué)??(xue)上??(shang)所?(suo)說(shuō)??(shuo)的??(de)氏??(shi)族??(zu)部??(bu)落?(luo)階??(jie)段??(duan)??，或??(huo)者??(zhe)考??(kao)古?(gu)學(xué)??(xue)上?(shang)所??(suo)說(shuō)??(shuo)的??(de)新??(xin)石??(shi)器??(qi)時(shí)??(shi)代??(dai)早??(zao)中??(zhong)期??(qi)??，或??(huo)即??(ji)蘇??(su)秉??(bing)琦??(qi)先??(xian)生??(sheng)所??(suo)說(shuō)??(shuo)的??(de)“古??(gu)國(guó)??(guo)”時(shí)??(shi)代??(dai)或??(huo)滿(mǎn)??(man)天??(tian)星??(xing)斗??(dou)時(shí)??(shi)代??(dai)??，既??(ji)然??(ran)該??(gai)階?(jie)段?(duan)尚??(shang)未??(wei)建??(jian)立??(li)起?(qi)中??(zhong)國(guó)??(guo)歷??(li)史??(shi)上??(shang)嚴(yán)?(yan)格??(ge)意?(yi)義??(yi)上??(shang)的??(de)早??(zao)期??(qi)國(guó)??(guo)家??(jia)??，尚??(shang)未??(wei)步??(bu)入??(ru)考??(kao)古??(gu)學(xué)??(xue)家??(jia)、歷??(li)史??(shi)學(xué)??(xue)家?(jia)所?(suo)說(shuō)??(shuo)的??(de)文??(wen)明??(ming)時(shí)??(shi)代??(dai)??，無(wú)?(wu)論?(lun)任??(ren)何??(he)的??(de)文??(wen)化??(hua)圈??(quan)或?(huo)文??(wen)化??(hua)相??(xiang)互?(hu)作??(zuo)用??(yong)圈??(quan)??，顯??(xian)然??(ran)都??(dou)不??(bu)能??(neng)稱(chēng)??(cheng)為??(wei)“最??(zui)早秘(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國(guó)??(guo)”??。

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