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　　三九養(yǎng)生堂記者 鄧肯·蓋伊 報道

精彩|　　盡??(jin)管??(guan)迄??(qi)今??(jin)考??(kao)古??(gu)學(xué)??(xue)者??(zhe)對??(dui)“最??(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國??(guo)”的??(de)理??(li)解?(jie)千??(qian)差??(cha)萬??(wan)別??(bie)??，但??(dan)絕??(jue)大??(da)多??(duo)數(shù)??(shu)學(xué)??(xue)者??(zhe)普??(pu)遍??(bian)認(rèn)?(ren)為??(wei)??，“最??(zui)早??(zao)的?(de)中??(zhong)國?(guo)”在??(zai)古??(gu)代??(dai)文??(wen)獻(xiàn)??(xian)所??(suo)記??(ji)被??(bei)稱??(cheng)為??(wei)“天??(tian)下??(xia)之??(zhi)中??(zhong)”的??(de)河??(he)洛??(luo)一??(yi)帶??(dai)??。?黃??(huang)帝??(di)及??(ji)其??(qi)部??(bu)落??(luo)的??(de)誕??(dan)生??(sheng)??，或??(huo)公??(gong)元??(yuan)前??(qian)4000年??(nian)左??(zuo)右??(you)的??(de)廟??(miao)底?(di)溝??(gou)時??(shi)代??(dai)??，尚??(shang)未??(wei)建??(jian)立??(li)起??(qi)中?(zhong)國?(guo)歷??(li)史??(shi)上??(shang)嚴(yán)??(yan)格??(ge)意?(yi)義??(yi)上??(shang)的??(de)早??(zao)期??(qi)國??(guo)家?(jia)??，尚??(shang)未??(wei)步??(bu)入?(ru)考??(kao)古??(gu)學(xué)??(xue)家??(jia)、歷??(li)史??(shi)學(xué)?(xue)家??(jia)所??(suo)說??(shuo)的??(de)文??(wen)明??(ming)時??(shi)代??(dai)??，顯??(xian)然??(ran)都??(dou)不??(bu)能??(neng)稱??(cheng)為?(wei)“最??(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國??(guo)”??。在??(zai)部??(bu)落??(luo)聯(lián)?(lian)盟??(meng)基??(ji)礎(chǔ)??(chu)上??(shang)建??(jian)立??(li)起??(qi)來??(lai)的??(de)夏??(xia)商??(shang)共??(gong)主??(zhu)政??(zheng)體??(ti)制?(zhi)國??(guo)家??(jia)??，國??(guo)家??(jia)的??(de)制?(zhi)度??(du)中??(zhong)仍??(reng)保??(bao)留??(liu)有??(you)濃??(nong)厚??(hou)的??(de)部??(bu)落??(luo)聯(lián)??(lian)盟??(meng)制??(zhi)殘??(can)余??(yu)??，國??(guo)家??(jia)形??(xing)態(tài)??(tai)和?(he)結(jié)?(jie)構(gòu)??(gou)形??(xing)式??(shi)呈?(cheng)現(xiàn)??(xian)出??(chu)明??(ming)顯??(xian)的??(de)原??(yuan)始??(shi)性??(xing)、松??(song)散??(san)性??(xing)??，并??(bing)非??(fei)土??(tu)廣?(guang)民??(min)眾??(zhong)的??(de)廣??(guang)域??(yu)王??(wang)權(quán)??(quan)國??(guo)家??(jia)??，因??(yin)而?(er)很??(hen)難??(nan)視??(shi)為??(wei)政??(zheng)治??(zhi)地??(di)理??(li)學(xué)?(xue)視?(shi)閾??(yu)下?(xia)的??(de)“最??(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國??(guo)”??。西??(xi)周??(zhou)王??(wang)朝??(chao)的??(de)建??(jian)立??(li)??，通??(tong)過?(guo)對??(dui)四??(si)土??(tu)、四??(si)方??(fang)持??(chi)續(xù)??(xu)大?(da)規(guī)??(gui)模??(mo)的??(de)軍??(jun)事??(shi)征??(zheng)服??(fu)以??(yi)及??(ji)在?(zai)此??(ci)基??(ji)礎(chǔ)??(chu)上??(shang)的??(de)大??(da)批??(pi)封??(feng)建??(jian)??，開??(kai)拓??(tuo)出??(chu)了??(le)空??(kong)前??(qian)廣??(guang)袤??(mao)的??(de)疆??(jiang)域??(yu)??，初??(chu)步?(bu)奠??(dian)定??(ding)了??(le)中??(zhong)國??(guo)古??(gu)代??(dai)統(tǒng)??(tong)一??(yi)的?(de)中??(zhong)原??(yuan)王??(wang)朝??(chao)政??(zheng)治??(zhi)地??(di)理??(li)的??(de)基??(ji)礎(chǔ)??(chu)??。西??(xi)周??(zhou)時??(shi)期??(qi)??，民??(min)族??(zu)融??(rong)合??(he)空??(kong)前??(qian)加??(jia)速??(su)??，為??(wei)漢??(han)民??(min)族??(zu)的??(de)前??(qian)身??(shen)??，華??(hua)夏??(xia)民??(min)族??(zu)的??(de)形??(xing)成??(cheng)奠??(dian)定??(ding)了??(le)堅??(jian)實??(shi)的??(de)基??(ji)礎(chǔ)??(chu)??。周??(zhou)人??(ren)的??(de)積?(ji)極??(ji)倡??(chang)導(dǎo)??(dao)并??(bing)長??(chang)期??(qi)實??(shi)踐??(jian)的??(de)“德??(de)”的??(de)觀??(guan)念??(nian)及?(ji)影??(ying)響??(xiang)周??(zhou)人??(ren)政??(zheng)治??(zhi)、軍??(jun)事??(shi)、文??(wen)化??(hua)等??(deng)方??(fang)方??(fang)面??(mian)面??(mian)的??(de)禮??(li)樂??(le)文??(wen)明??(ming)??，構(gòu)??(gou)成??(cheng)孔??(kong)子??(zi)仁??(ren)禮??(li)學(xué)??(xue)說??(shuo)的??(de)重??(zhong)要?(yao)源??(yuan)頭??(tou)??，并??(bing)匯?(hui)入??(ru)數(shù)??(shu)千??(qian)年??(nian)來??(lai)中??(zhong)國??(guo)傳??(chuan)統(tǒng)??(tong)文??(wen)化??(hua)的??(de)主??(zhu)干??(gan)??，成??(cheng)為??(wei)中??(zhong)華?(hua)民??(min)族??(zu)生??(sheng)生??(sheng)不??(bu)息??(xi)、發(fā)?(fa)展??(zhan)壯??(zhuang)大??(da)的??(de)豐??(feng)厚??(hou)滋??(zi)養(yǎng)?(yang)??。西?(xi)周??(zhou)王??(wang)朝??(chao)才??(cai)可??(ke)以??(yi)稱??(cheng)得??(de)上??(shang)政??(zheng)治?(zhi)地?(di)理??(li)學(xué)??(xue)、民?(min)族祝(zu)學(xué)??(xue)視??(shi)閾??(yu)和??(he)文??(wen)化??(hua)中??(zhong)國??(guo)意??(yi)義??(yi)上?(shang)的??(de)“最??(zui)早?(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國??(guo)”??。　　盡??(jin)管??(guan)迄??(qi)今??(jin)為??(wei)止??(zhi)??，考??(kao)古??(gu)學(xué)??(xue)者??(zhe)對?(dui)“最??(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國??(guo)”的??(de)理??(li)解??(jie)??，千??(qian)差??(cha)萬??(wan)別??(bie)??，但??(dan)頗??(po)可??(ke)值??(zhi)得??(de)注?(zhu)意??(yi)的??(de)??，除??(chu)了??(le)何??(he)駑??(nu)先??(xian)生??(sheng)以??(yi)陶??(tao)寺??(si)遺??(yi)址??(zhi)為??(wei)“最?(zui)初??(chu)的?(de)中??(zhong)國??(guo)”及??(ji)孫??(sun)慶??(qing)偉??(wei)先?(xian)生??(sheng)以??(yi)“黃??(huang)帝??(di)部??(bu)落?(luo)的??(de)誕?(dan)生??(sheng)”是??(shi)真??(zhen)正??(zheng)意??(yi)義??(yi)上??(shang)的??(de)“最??(zui)早??(zao)的??(de)中?(zhong)國??(guo)”的?(de)觀??(guan)點??(dian)外??(wai)??，其??(qi)他??(ta)學(xué)??(xue)者??(zhe)無??(wu)論??(lun)將??(jiang)“最??(zui)早?(zao)的??(de)中??(zhong)國?(guo)”解??(jie)釋??(shi)為??(wei)廟??(miao)底??(di)溝??(gou)時??(shi)代??(dai)??，抑??(yi)或??(huo)是??(shi)二??(er)里??(li)頭??(tou)文??(wen)明??(ming)及??(ji)何?(he)尊??(zun)所??(suo)記??(ji)西??(xi)周??(zhou)王??(wang)朝??(chao)初??(chu)年??(nian)的??(de)都??(dou)邑??(yi)??，但??(dan)以??(yi)上?(shang)地??(di)點??(dian)則??(ze)均??(jun)在??(zai)古??(gu)代??(dai)文??(wen)獻(xiàn)??(xian)所??(suo)記??(ji)被??(bei)稱??(cheng)為??(wei)“天??(tian)下??(xia)之??(zhi)中??(zhong)”的?(de)河?(he)洛?(luo)一?(yi)帶??(dai)??。??

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